
Lift the weight to carry the weight
Conventional wisdom tells us that to lose weight, in addition to dieting, we have to perform aerobic exercise – lots of aerobic exercise – walking, jogging, running etc. This belief has been capitalized on by health clubs and equipment manufacturers of various kinds and is the reason all those ellipticals, treadmills and stair steppers have ‘fat burning zones’ described in detail on their consoles. Though I have yet to see ‘fat burning zones’ etched on dumbbells – or described on strength training posters – it is a little known reality is that strength training is a great method, not only of maintaining and increasing muscle, but also of reducing the buildup and reversing the fat gain typically associated with aging.
I have been asked about this issue several times over the last months and had planned to post something in the near future. But then I came across an excellent article written by my friend and colleague, Dr. Wayne Westcott (yes his name is Wayne too!). Dr. Westcott is a tour de force in strength training advocacy and education. He is regarded as one of the foremost experts in this field and has written and presented extensively on the benefits of strength training for older adults. The piece I quote from below is taken from a recent article he wrote for The Patriot Ledger, a local newspaper in Quincy MA. The article was entitled “Keeping Fit: Strength training pays off in more ways than one”
Dr Westcott initially makes the point that, although aerobic exercise is important, it does not slow or prevent the muscle loss associated with aging. He reports on a University of Florida study of masters runners who, although clearly at the highest levels of aerobic fitness, nevertheless lost five pounds of muscle over a 10-year period. In other words, all that running did nothing to impact the two major underlying causes of fat gain with aging – muscle loss and metabolic slowdown. While it is still important to perform regular aerobic activity therefore, the research is clear that for optimal health and wellness benefits a sensible strength training program is essential.
Why strength training? Here’s the relevant extract from Dr. Westcott’s article with a few notes in italics from me
“In the absence of strength exercise, adults lose about six pounds of muscle tissue every decade. This results in a three percent per decade reduction in resting metabolic rate that leads to an 18-pound per decade increase in body fat. So, if the underlying cause of fat gain is muscle loss, it makes sense to start the fat reversal process with exercise that replaces the lost muscle. Of course, the best means for rebuilding muscle is a sensible program of strength training.
Research demonstrates that 10 weeks of basic and brief strength training (Note: similar to STRIVE) can add three pounds of muscle and increase resting metabolic rate by 7 percent (approximately 100 calories a day). In other words, with respect to muscle and metabolism, less than three months of standard strength training can reverse several years of the aging process. In addition to the large increase in resting metabolism, strength training uses a considerable amount of energy during the exercise session (6 to 8 calories per minute – our own research also confirms this – see later posts) and more calories after the workout to convert from the anaerobic energy system to the aerobic energy system. That is, strength training provides a triple reducing effect for fat loss by increasing calorie use during the exercise session, after the exercise session, and all day long because of increased resting metabolic rate. In a classic research study conducted by Tufts University, the combined effects of a standard strength training program increased daily energy requirements by 15 percent (more than 200 calories per day) after just three months of exercise.
While these results are very impressive, it is equally encouraging to know that effective strength training programs can be extremely time-efficient. Our research with more than 1,600 study subjects averaged a three-pound muscle gain after 10 weeks of training for just 20 minutes per session. Our program participants performed one set (8 to 12 repetitions) of 10 weight machines two or three days per week (Note: almost identical to our STRIVE program!). This represents a modest amount of training time for a significant increase in muscle mass.
It makes sense from every perspective to perform regular strength exercise. In addition to reversing the muscle loss, metabolic slowdown and fat gain associated with the aging process, strength training reduces the risk of numerous degenerative diseases and disabilities. These include obesity, osteoporosis, arthritis, colon cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, unfavorable blood lipid profiles, low back pain and depression. (See http://www.strivealive.com/?c=why_strive). These important health and fitness benefits, not to mention improved physical appearance and functional abilities, make strength training a must-do activity.”
The really cool thing about Dr. Westcott’s research is that, as noted above, his strength training program design – though developed independently of ours – is almost identical to that of STRIVE. I will be expanding on the notes above relating to the energy expenditure of strength training in future posts, but this information represents yet another great benefit of strength training, and one that can be gained in as little as 20 minutes, three times per week!


I was talking to Dr. Joana Pabadinskas the other day as I was cranking away on the elliptical trainer up at the Pecos Campus Fitness Center of the Chandler Gilbert Community College. Joana was the instructor on duty, is a good friend of mine and was once one of my doctoral students. She was involved in some of the early research with STRIVE at the Escalante Intergenerational Center in Tempe, AZ. Back then we used to spell it with 2 S’s (SSTRIVE: Seniors Strength TRaining for Independence Vitality and Energy). I was telling her about this blog and ‘STRIVE Stories’ – and we remembered this one.


I was talking the other day about some interesting statistics relating to strength and aging – and some highly encouraging research ‘responses’ to these numbers. I had been speaking to an audience of older adults on ‘Usual’ vs ‘Successful’ Aging and comparing what ‘usually’ happens with strength to what 
